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Recently, human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been recently reported in several countries. This is a novel  influenza A virus that has not been identified in people before, and human-to-human transmission of the virus appears to be ongoing and thus represents a real pandemic threat. TRANSMISSION · Influenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to p eople and from people to pigs. · Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. · Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu which is mainly person-toperson transmission through coughing or sneezing by people infected with the influenza virus.
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VACCINE COLD CHAIN Vaccines are among the most sensitive drugs that are administered into the body of healthy individuals. They are sensitive to heat and freezing hence they must be stored at the correct temperature right from the time they are manufactured till they are administered. This system of storage of vaccine or the medicine is known as cold chain. The potency of the vaccines can get affected irreversibly if the temperature is not maintained within the recommended range during the storage, transport, retailing and administering the vaccine. The recommended temperature range for most of the vaccine is from 2°C to 8°C however the range varies for the storage and transport, even long storage and short storage temperature also varies. Few vaccines are stored at a frozen state.
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Last Updated on Saturday, 27 June 2009 14:00 |
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Health Indicators:-
Presentation:-
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Novel H1N1 Influenza: Resources for Clinicians Guidance for Patient Management Guidance for Specific Settings
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VACCINE ADMINISTRATION Incorrectly administered vaccines, either incorrect sites or poor administration techniques, are contributing factors to vaccine failure and can lead to injection site nodules or lumps and local reactions. Proper knowledge of vaccine administration is very important for the vaccine provider and regular vaccine administration training programme should be held by the government or NGO bodies. Vaccination site; - Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, (DPT) Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB), Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B components must be injected deep intramuscularly (IM)
- BCG is delivered intradermally
- MMR, measles IPV are injected subcutaneously (S/C)
- OPV and Rotavirus vaccines are given orally.
- Check the datasheet for administration of other vaccines
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Last Updated on Saturday, 27 June 2009 02:03 |
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The Delhi High Court Wednesday issued a notice to the union health ministry on introduction of vaccines without proper medical research.
A division bench of Chief Justice Ajit Prakash Shah and Justice S. Muralidhar said, “This is a serious issue. It shows that medical facilities provided by the government are just mockery.” The court asked the health ministry to respond to the notice by Jan 13. The court was hearing a petition that alleged that vaccines are being introduced in the public health system by the government under the influence of vaccine manufacturers and international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO), without proper epidemiological and medical studies. “We just want to highlight how in the absence of a rational vaccine policy, newer and newer vaccines are being pushed by the government into the national immunization programme. Vaccines which are either of little utility or not required at all are being introduced and promoted by the government at the behest of these vested interests,” advocate Prashant Bhushan said in his petition.
Source: http://www.thaindian.com
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Hepatitis-B Immunoglobulin (HBIg)
Neonates born to HBsAg positive, and especially HBeAg positive mothers are at the highest risk of getting infected with Hepatitis B and becoming chronic carriers. There are plenty of examples of Hemophilia, Sickle Cell Anemia, Hodgkins' Lymphoma, Leukemia, Dialysis, Kidney Transplantation, and now Liver Transplantation patients getting infected with Hepatitis B during treatment. In a known case of exposure to the Hepatitis B Virus, the patient has an option to simultaneous Passive immunization (Hepatitis B Immune globulin) and Active immunization (Hepatitis B Vaccine) to get protected successfully.
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Adverse Events Following Immunisation The two major aspects of any intervention are its effectiveness and safety.Side effects, or adverse reactions, or adverse event, occur with practically every drugs / medicine. In case of immunization there are two important differences compared with other drugs. - Vaccines are given to healthy individuals, therefore, the tolerance for adverse reactions is much lower.
- Vaccines are generally given to a large number of individuals. Therefore if an adverse reaction does occur infrequently, a large number may be seen. Chance events, which are purely coincidental but blamed on the vaccine, are more likely to occur.
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Last Updated on Saturday, 27 June 2009 14:07 |
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